critique for theory of planned behaviour -Norm activation theory

Norm Activation Theory- Shalom Schwartz (1977)

This main aspect of this theory is that the personal norms are the main direct element that decides pro-social behaviour and is not relating to intention of the person. The author argues that personal norms usually play a role in creating a strong feeling of moral obligation, which encourages pro-social behaviour. “Schwartz argued that some behaviours are intended quite specifically ‘to benefit another as an expression of internal values, without regard for.. social and material reinforcements’ “

There are two main psychological aspects that determines the internalised personal norms:

1-    Awareness of Consequences

2-    Ascription of responsibility

The intensity of the relationship between personal norm and behaviour varies and is strong when one is aware of the negative consequences of choosing not to engage in pro-social behaviour, but accepts responsibility for the consequences. On the other hand, it is weak when one doesn’t know the negative consequences and denies responsibility.

Hint 3: Entrepreneurs V Small Business Owner-Managers v , etc?

Continuing the Hint series , you may want to use the difference between Small Business Owners and Entrepreneurs depicted in this paper as a way to demonstrate your critic's perception of the models of entrepreneurial intent & purpose- the theme of this week's readings and Dyad's activities. I suggest you all contribute the papers from the relevant readings in the Module Outline booklet and accompanying questions that you feel delineates the two types: Entrepreneurs v Managers. Here the distinction is merely between Entrepreneurs & Small Business Managers; but what other academically supported propositions are out there which distinguish between the entrepreneur, the rest of  us, corporate mangers, engineers , medical practitioners, etc. What trait theory contributions will you make to this blog to help your colleagues' exam revision prep?

Differentiating Entrepreneurs From Small Business Owners

Entrepreneurial Exit – Professor DeTienne’s introduction to the process

The topic of entrepreneurial exit is on only during recent years.

 

It was raised mainly by professor Dawn DeTienne who define exit as “the process by which the founders of privately held firms leave the firm they helped to create; thereby removing themselves, in varying degree, from the primary ownership and decision-making structure of the firm” 

She also adds that entrepreneurial exit has a critical importance to the entrepreneur himself , to the firm , to the industry and to the whole economy .

Therefore she analyzes the actual process of exit by splitting the life of a startup in three periods : Infancy , Adolescence and Maturity ( describing in each phase the possible options , reasons and strategies for exit )

Entrepreneurial Exit as a Critical Component of the Entrepreneurial Process

A company transparent about growth

Here's a blog post about a company called Skimm - a daily newsletter with worldwide headlines and news content presented in a fresh, easy-to-read way. I consider it one of my favorite news sources. It's mainly directed towards a female audience - so I'm not sure how well it will go over with the crowd in our class :) but it's definitely worth checking out. 

In a recent blog post, they are really transparent about their recent growth and success - which is refreshing! I think the end advice is spot on: 

NEW ENTREPRENEUR LESSON OF THE DAY: Get to know your audience really well in order to find new ways to grow your business. And hire people who tell you what their job will be.

The rising number of female Egyptian entrepreneurs

Informative piece on female Egyptian Entrepreneurs

EBS Alumni York Zucchi...Narrative & Opportunity

Hint 2: Entrepreneurial Intentions

To continue to give you some exam hints & guidance as to how to prepare for the theme of Entrepreneurial Intentions, I suggest that you work on how you can, with your dyad's chosen 2 readings for this topic, highlight the competing models that seek to explain Entrepreneurial Intentions. 

The 3 models to consider and to use your chosen readings to evaluate as critically reflective performances within your activities are:

• Shapero’s Model of the entrepreneurial event (SEE) (1982)
• Ajzen’s Theory of planned behavior (TPB) (1991)
• Elfving's Contextual model of entrepreneurial intentions (EIM) (2008)

Remember you are not directly performing these readings but using your chosen readings to maybe generate consideration of the key arguments that exist around entrepreneurial intention!

Good luck and look forward to seeing you soon
Ed 

Alessio’s startup analysis – Third stage

Hi guys ,

 

During this stage of the analysis, with the founder of eFuture, I’ve stressed :

 the lemonade principle and the business opportunity; the Rich vs King; the Entrepreneur vs Manager.

About the first issue the founders were aware of the technology crisis in Italy , caused by a lack of innovation within the firms . This situation brought to a market gap and eFuture wants to take advantage of this opportunity (Lemonade)

The second bullet point is the Rich vs King question and both the founders have a very clear idea about this : a hundred percent rich! This result is important stating the inverse trend of the average Italian entrepreneur , which is the complete ownership within the family . 

Last is the behavior of the founders : in the first stage they were totally acting as entrepreneurs but due to the lack of payments they switched to a more typical managing behavior ( reduce fixing costs and try to balance the cashflow ) 

During the next stage ( and last? ) I’ll focus on the growth and exit frameworks ( I’ll also clear some question marks met during the analysis )

If you have some tips or suggestion please write me ! Thanks guys !